This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (1) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Dean, S. M Articles by Tytle, T. L Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Dean, S. M Articles by Tytle, T. L Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Acute right lower extremity iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis secondary to an anomalous inferior vena cava: a report of two cases

Oklahoma Cardiovascular Associates/Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, sdean{at}ocaheart.com

Timothy L Tytle

Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Mercy Health Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

A congenital anomaly of the inferior vena cava is an increasingly identified risk factor for iliocaval deep venous thrombosis in young patients. We present two cases of acute right lower extremity iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis in 16 and 18-year-old patients that were ultimately diagnosed with an underlying anomalous iliocaval venous system. In one patient, the inferior vena cava was congenitally absent and the right iliac vein was diffusely stenotic with a proximally located high-grade stricture. In the other subject, the infrarenal inferior vena cava and right iliac vein were diffusely hypoplastic. Compensatory venous flow in both subjects was via large perilumbar venous collateral veins and a prominent azygous system. Both patients were successfully treated with a combination of initial catheter-directed thrombolysis followed by balloon angioplasty and venous stent placement.

Key Words: anomaly • deep venous thrombosis • iliofemoral • inferior vena cava • stent • thrombolysis

References

• Chuang VP, Mena EC, Hoskins PA. Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava. Review of embryogenesis and presentation of a simplified classification . Br J Radiol 1974; 47: 205-213 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Anderson RC, Adams P, Burke B. Anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation (infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava) . J Pediatr 1961; 59: 370-383 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Dellavalle A, Ribichini F, Stefenino G. Unsuspected infrahepatic interruption of inferior vena cava associated with floppy mitral valve, mitral valve prolapse, and severe mitral regurgitation . Chest 1994; 106: 1626-1628 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Baldridge ED, Canos AJ. Venous anomolies encountered in aortoiliac surgery . Arch Surg 1987; 122: 1184-1188 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Bastounis E, Pikoulis E, Leppaniemi Aet al. Anomalous inferior vena cava complicating abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy . J Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 38: 367-369 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Weiner RI, Maranhao V, Levin HBet al. Anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation . J Am Osteopath Assoc 1993; 93: 775-777 .[Abstract]
• Guerra Ramos JM, Font ER, Moya I, Mitjans A. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of an accessory pathway through an anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation . Europace 2004; 6: 134-137 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Chevallier P, Peten EP, Marcy PYet al. Inferior vena cava hypoplasia with intrahepatic venous continuation.: sona-graphic, angiographic and MR features including MR angiography . Clin Imaging 1999; 23: 99-102 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Timmers GJ, Falke THM, Rauwerda JA, Huijgens PC. Deep vein thrombosis as a presenting symptom of congenital interruption of the inferior vena cava . Int J Clin Pract 1999; 53: 75-76 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Obemosterer A, Aschauer M, Schnedl W, Lipp R. Anomalies of the inferior vena cava with iliac venous thrombosis , Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 37-41 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Chee YL, Culligan DJ, Watson HG. Inferior vena cava malformation as a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis in the young . Br J Hemat 2002; 114: 878-880 .
• Gayer G, Luboshitz J, Hertz Met al. Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava revealed on CT in patients with deep vein thrombosis . AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 180: 729-732 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Ruggeri M, Tosetto A, Castaman G, Rodeghiero F. Congenital absence of the inferior vena cava: a rare risk factor for idiopathic deep-vein thrombosis . Lancet 2001; 357: 441-441 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Cockett FB, Lea Thomas M. The iliac compression syndrome . Br J Surg 1965; 52: 816-821 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Okrent D, Messersmith R, Buckman J. Transcatheter fibrinolytic therapy and angioplasty for left iliofemoral venous thrombosis . J Vasc Interv Radiol 1991; 2: 195-197 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Berger A, Jaffe JW. Iliac compression syndrome treated with stent placement . J Vasc Surg 1995; 21: 510-514 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• May R, Thumer J. The cause of the predominately sinistral occurrence of thrombosis of the pelvic veins . Angiology 1957; 8: 419-427 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Dougherty, MJ, Calligaro KD, DeLaurentis DA. Congenitally absent inferior vena cava presenting in adulthood with venous stasis and ulceration: a surgically treated case . J Vasc Surg 1996; 23: 141-146 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Korber T, Petzsch M, Placke Jet al. [Acute thrombosis of pelvic ad leg veins in agenesis of the renal segment of the inferior vena cava] . Z Kardiol 2001; 90: 52-57 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Tsuji Y, Inoue T, Marakami Het al. Deep vein thrombosis caused by congenital interruption of the inferior vena cava - a case report . Angiology 2001; 52: 721-725 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Raju S, Owen S, Neglen P. The clinical impact of iliac venous stents in the management of chronic venous insufficiency . J Vasc Surg 2002; 35: 8-15 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Juhan C, Hartung O, Alimi Yet al. Treatment of nonmalignant obstructive iliocaval lesions by stent placement. Mid-term results . Ann Vasc Surg 2001; 15: 227-232 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Nazarian GK, Bjamason H, Dietz CAet al. Iliofemoral venous stenoses: effectiveness of treatment with metallic endovascular stents . Radiology 1996; 200: 193-199 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Feng LS, Peng QP, Li Ket al. Management of severe Budd-Chiari syndrome: report of 147 cases . Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2004; 3: 522-525 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Zamora CA, Sugimoto K, Mori Tet al. Use of the wallstent for symptomatic relief of malignant inferior vena cava obstructions . Radiat Med 2005; 23: 380-385 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Vascular Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 3, 165-169 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1358863x06074829


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. Fass, D. Nasroolah, and J.-C. Cavenaile Deep Venous Thrombosis Caused by Congenital Malformation of the Inferior Vena Cava and Heterozygous Factor V Leiden Presenting as Venous Claudication Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, October 1, 2009; 15(5): 591 - 595. [Abstract] [PDF]

This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (1) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Dean, S. M Articles by Tytle, T. L Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Dean, S. M Articles by Tytle, T. L Social Bookmarking                         What's this?